COSTA RICAN COMPANY FORMATION/CONSTITUTION
1. INCORPORATION:
1.1 Two or more persons may form a company by granting the correspondent Company’s Articles of Incorporation, also called “Pacto Social”. These persons do not necessarily have to be Costa Rican citizens / residents. The value of each share acquired must be paid in cash for at least twenty five percent in the formal act of the constitution, and also in the same act of constituency, the value for each remaining share acquired, must be satisfied totally or partially with assets different from the cash value cited above.
1.2 According to article 18 from the Costa Rican Commercial Code, the Articles of Incorporation must contain the following:
1.2.1 The name of the company:
The name of the company must be different from any other company, in order to avoid confusion; and it is owned exclusively by the company, and the name will be followed by the words: “Sociedad Anónima” or by the abbreviation “S.A.” and it may by expressed in any language.
1.2.2 The object or general objects of the company:
Mentioning the “object” or detailed objects of the company, does not exclude the company from performing any other licit activities for which it was created, regardless of any licit activity not mentioned in the Articles of Incorporation.
1.2.3 The amount of authorized capital and the number and nominal value of shares for which the capital is structured within:
The company must express the nature, nominal value, and class distinction of the stocks that represent the capital of the company. The Board of Directors is authorized for at least once or as many times as required, to increase the capital until the limit established, and accordingly to the characteristics of the stock determined to fulfill this capital increase. Without any restrictions, this capital may be represented in local or foreign currency.
1.2.4 The Shares:
They are titles which credit and represent the interest of the stock holders in the Company. Common Stock (also called Ordinary Stock) represents exact property rights over the capital, and they must be nominal for what they represent. Stocks that represent no value are forbidden. Common Stock, Preferred Stock, and any other securities issued by the Company, may be in either local or foreign currency.
Also it is authorized to issue one or more types of stock and or securities, with the designations, preferences, restrictions, limitations and any other conditions established in the Articles of Incorporation, and they may be in reference to the benefits, the patrimony, and the business, profit, voting rights or any other aspect within the Company’s Activity.
1.2.5 Number of stocks allocated for each of the incorporators in the Articles of Incorporation:
As mentioned above, a minimum of two persons must constitute the Company, and each one of them must have at least one stock representing property rights over the Company. The value of each subscribed share must be paid in cash for at least twenty five percent in the formal act of the constitution. The value for each stock must be paid partially or in full at the moment of incorporation.
1.2.6 Domicile:
For the incorporation of the Company, the company domicile must be located within the Costa Rican territory in order to receive any pertinent notifications from the local authorities.
Nonetheless, article 145 of the Costa Rican Commercial Code allows ulterior changes in the Company Domicile, for another Domicile not necessarily in the Costa Rican territory, but it has to be a real, current and exact address. Lima y Asociados can provide you with a company domicile in Costa Rica.
1.2.7 Resident Agent:
Article 18 of the Costa Rican Commercial Code, states the obligation for the Company to appoint a Resident Agent for the Company in case its representatives are not domiciled in the territory of Costa Rica. This Agent must be an attorney with an “open office” in Costa Rica, qualified to practice in Costa Rica, and legally awarded with the sufficient powers and faculties to attend administrative and judicial notifications in the name of the Company for which it is appointed and represents.
1.2.8 The Management:
The business activities of the Company must be managed and directed by a Management Counsel or Board of Directors constituted by at least by three members ( President, Secretary and Treasurer ), whom may or may not be shareholders of the Company, but will perform the above mentioned duties within the Company. It may appoint advisors to the Board of Directors or to the Management Counsel, if allowed by the Articles of Incorporation.
According to the By-Laws of the Company, the election of the Board Members will be by cumulative voting unless otherwise stated by the Costa Rican Law:
a. Each stockholder will have a minimum number of votes resulting from multiplying the number of votes that will normally have and the number of Directors’ positions.
b. Each stockholder may freely distribute or accumulate votes accordingly towards the candidates and the positions available.
c. The result of the election will be computed per person.
The Board of Directors shall not be renewed partially or gradually, if the cumulative voting is impaired.
The judicial and extrajudicial representation of the Company will be a faculty of the President of the Board of Directors, or of whom it was appointed in the Public Deed of constitution of the Company.
The position of a Board Member is personal and irrevocable, meaning it may not be delegated to a representative other than whom it was appointed by the stockholders
Unless otherwise stated, the President will direct the Board of Directors, and in case of its absence, the Board of Directors will be presided by the following order of directors appointed.
During its meetings, for the legitimated and legal function of the Board of Directors, at least a half of the total of the Board Members must be present, and its decisions will be valid and operational when decided by the majority of those members present. In case of a tied voting decision, the member presiding the Board will have a double vote for the purposes of deciding. The Public Deed of constitution and the By Laws of the Company will include the formalities for convening, organizing, writing the minutes of the meetings (agenda, discussions, decisions etc..) and other details regarding the board meetings.
The Board of Directors will be appointed according to the fixed time and extent contained in the Public Deed of constitution. Also this Document may include the formalities for the appointment of temporary or permanent Directors in case there is a vacancy in the Board. Otherwise, an immediate General Assembly of Stockholders must be called upon.
After finishing the time for which they where appointed, the Board Members will continue their duties until the new Board Members will be legally permitted to occupy their new positions within the Board.
1.2.9 Time:
The time of validity and life of a Company, may be of ninety nine years, extendable by decision of the Stock Holder Assembly.
1.2.10 Other considerations:
The Articles of Incorporation may include other considerations responding to the decisions of the interested parties such as restrictions to the transfer of stocks, preferred rights of repurchase own stock, or priority in new issuance etc.
1.3 When the Articles of Incorporation are constituted in Costa Rica, it has to be formalized in a Public Deed of constitution given by a Public Notary responding to Registry formalities, and when it is constituted outside Costa Rica, it has to be as well granted by a document given by a Costa Rican Public Notary.
1.4 In all cases, the Articles of Incorporation must be submitted to the Commercial Registry of Costa Rica, and the Company will not legally exist to third parties, until its proper registration.
1.5 The Articles of Incorporation may be in any language, but it must be translated to Spanish by an authorized Official Translator.
2. CONSTITUTION OF THE COMPANY.
People interested in forming a Company do not necessarily need to travel to Costa Rica. The normal procedure allows two or more people, residents or non residents of Costa Rica to constitute a Company by establishing freely and according to the Costa Rican legislation, their Articles of Incorporation, in the presence of a Costa Rican Public Notary, and according to the formalities described above. Each incorporator will be entitled to stock representing interest in the newly formed Company.
Once the Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation are registered in the Costa Rican Public Registry, the “incorporators” will assign their shares to the final owners.
3. OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
3.1 Vigilance
The vigilance of the Company will be in charge of one or more supervisors appointed for those effects that may or may not be stock holders of the Company.
Stocks and Stock Certificates:
The stocks and stock certificates must have the following information:
a. Denomination, domicile and time frame of existance from the Company.
b. Date of the Public Deed of constitution, name of the Public Notary who authorized such document, and the details of the registration in the Public Registry.
c. Name of the stockholder.
d. The amount of authorized or paid capital, the total amount and nominal value of the stocks acquired.
e. Series, number and class of stock or certificate including the number of stock which represents; and
f. The signature of the appointed Board Members who according to the Public Deed of constitution, are entitled to issue the stock or certificate of stock.
3.3 The period required for constituting a Company is of ten days approximately after receiving the final instructions of the interested parties intending to formalize this constitution.
